
Economics 486
The Economics of Organization
Spring
2004
Mondays 2-4:30
Monteith 311
R. N. Langlois
322 Monteith X63472
Office
hours MW 9-12 and 1-2 or by appointment
View or download the
PowerPoint slides
Syllabus and Reading List
Texts. I
have asked the bookstore to order the following:
- Oliver E. Williamson and Sidney G. Winter, eds., The Nature of the Firm. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991 (paperback). This is
a collection of essays to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the
publication of Coase's 1937 article (listed below). Readings from this book are denoted W&W in
what follows
- Oliver E. Williamson, The
Economic Institutions of Capitalism. New York: The Free Press, 1985 (paperback).
- Deirdre McCloskey, Economical Writing. Waveland Press,
2nd edition, 1999. (Recommended.)
Many
articles aree available on the web.
Some are in Adobe Acrobat (PDF) format. To read them, you will need the Adobe
Acrobat reader. This should already be installed on University microlab
computers. But if you don't have it, you can download it for
free.
Note also
that, for copyright reasons, some links are accessible only from computers
connected to the Internet through the UConn domain. If you live off campus and are
connecting through a private ISP, check with the
computer center about something called a proxy server.
Course requirements.
The grade for the course will be based on
six or seven short papers written over the course of the semester. I will
assign each paper two weeks before it is due. Each assignment will ask you to
write five to ten pages addressing an issue we will cover after the paper's
deadline. This will help you -- i.e., force you -- to keep up with the reading.
I will deduct one-third of a grade point (e.g., the difference between a B and
a B-) for each day the paper is late, and I will not accept the paper at all
once we have begun discussing its topic (as to do otherwise would give
advantage to procrastinators). This is not a "W" course, so you will
not be graded on style, except to the extent that it is impossible to separate
form from content and that lousy writing often implies lack of content. The recommended book by McCloskey may be
useful to you in improving your writing.
Sequence of Topics.
Transaction-cost economics:
overview.
The Coasean
approach.
- Ronald H. Coase, "The
Nature of the Firm," Economica (N.S.) 4:
386-405 (November 1937).
- Ronald H. Coase, "The Nature of the Firm: Origin, Meaning,
Influence," Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 4(1),
Spring 1988, reprinted in Oliver E. Williamson and Sidney G. Winter, eds.,
The Nature of the Firm. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. (W&W.)
- Steven N. S. Cheung, "The Contractual Nature
of the Firm," Journal of Law and Economics 26: 122
(April 1983).
- Carl Dahlman, "The Problem of
Externality," Journal of Law and Economics 22:
141-162 (1979).
Moral hazard,
monitoring, and measurement costs.
- Yoram Barzel, "Measurement
Costs and the Organization of Markets," Journal of Law and
Economics 25(1): 27-48 (April 1982).
- Armen Alchian and Harold Demsetz, "Production,
Information Costs, and Economic Organization," American
Economic Review 62(5), December 1972.
- Michael C. Jensen and William H. Meckling, "Theory of
the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure,"
Journal of Financial Economics 3: 305-360, 1976.
- Bengt Holmstrom and Paul Milgrom, "Multi-Task
Principal-Agent Analyses: Linear Contracts, Asset Ownership and Job Design,"
Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 7: 24-52 (1991).
Asset
specificity.
- Benjamin Klein, Robert G. Crawford, and Armen Alchian, "Vertical
Integration, Appropriable Rents, and the Competitive Contracting Process,"
Journal of Law and Economics 21(2): 297-326 (1978).
- Oliver E. Williamson, The
Economic Institutions of Capitalism. New York: The Free Press, 1985, chapters 7 and 8.
- Benjamin Klein, "Vertical Integration as Organizational
Ownership: The Fisher Body-General Motors Relationship Revisited," Journal
of Law, Economics, and Organization 4(1): 199-213 (Spring
1988), reprinted in Oliver E. Williamson and Sidney G. Winter, eds., The
Nature of the Firm. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. (W&W.)
- Richard N. Langlois and Paul L. Robertson, "Explaining
Vertical Integration: Lessons from the American Automobile Industry,"
Journal of Economic History 49(2): 361-375 (June 1989).
(Langlois and Robertson, chapter 4.)
- Susan Helper, John Paul MacDuffie, and Charles Sabel, "Pragmatic
Collaborations: Advancing Knowledge while Controlling Opportunism," Industrial and Corporate Change
9(3):
443-488 (2000).
- Symposium
on the General Motors-Fisher Body case, Journal of Law and Economics,
Vol. 43, No. 1, April 2000.
Incomplete-contracts
theory.
- Sanford J. Grossman and Oliver D. Hart, "The Costs
and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical Integration," Journal
of Political Economy 94: 691-719 (1986).
- Oliver D. Hart, "Incomplete Contracts and the Theory of the
Firm," Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 4(1):
119-140 (Spring 1988) reprinted in Oliver E. Williamson and Sidney G.
Winter, eds., The Nature of the Firm. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. (W&W.)
- Oliver D. Hart, "An Economist's Perspective
on the Theory of the Firm," Columbia Law Review 89(7): 1757-1774 (1989).
- Jean Tirole, "Incomplete
Contracts: Where Do We Stand?" Econometrica 67(4):741-781
(July 1999).
- Harold Demsetz,. "Review of
Oliver Hart, Firms, Contracts, and Financial Structure," Journal of Political Economy 106:
446-452 (1998).
- Kirsten Foss and Nicolai J. Foss,"Assets,
Attributes and Ownership," International
Journal of the Economics of Business 8: 19-37 (2001).
- Ugo Pagano, "Public
Markets, Private Orderings and Corporate Governance," International
Review of Law and Economics 20 453-477 (2000).
Property rights
and ownership.
- Yoram Barzel, "The
Entrepreneur's Reward for Self-Policing," Economic Inquiry
25: 103-116 (1987).
- Eugene F. Fama and Michael Jensen, "The
Separation of Ownership and Control," Journal of Law and
Economics 26(2): 301-27 (June 1983).
- Eugene F. Fama and Michael Jensen, "Agency
Problems and Residual Claims," Journal of Law and Economics 26(2):
327-50 (June 1983).
- Henry Hansmann, "Ownership of the
Firm," Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 4(2):
267-304 (Fall 1988).
- Henry Hansmann, The Ownership of Enterprise. Cambridge: the Belknap Press, 1996.
Dispersed knowledge and monitoring.
- F. A. Hayek, "The
Use of Knowledge in Society," American Economic Review 35(4):
519-530 (1945). (JStor
version.)
- Michael C. Jensen and William H. Meckling, "Specific
and General Knowledge, and Organizational Structure," in Lars
Werin and Hans Wijkander, eds., Contract Economics. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1992, pages 251-74 and in Journal
of Applied Corporate Finance, Fall 1995.
- Alanson P. Minkler, "The Problem With Dispersed Knowledge: Firms in Theory and Practice,"
Kyklos 46(4): 569-587 (1993).
- Alanson P. Minkler, "Knowledge and Internal
Organization," Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 21: 17-30 (1993).
- Deborah A. Savage, "The Professions in
Theory and History: the Case of Pharmacy," Business and
Economic History 23(2) (Winter 1994).
- Deborah A. Savage and Paul L. Robertson, "The
Maintenance of Professional Authority: The Case of Physicians and
Hospitals in the United States," in Paul L. Robertson, ed., Authority
and Control in Modern Industry. London: Routledge, 1998.
Production costs redux: Economic
capabilities.
- Harold Demsetz, The Economics
of the Business Firm. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995, chapters
1 and 2.
- Sidney G. Winter, "On Coase, Competence, and the
Corporation," Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 4(1):
163-180 (Spring 1988) reprinted in Oliver E. Williamson and Sidney G.
Winter, eds., The Nature of the Firm. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. (W&W.)
- Richard N. Langlois and Nicolai J. Foss, "Capabilities
and Governance: the Rebirth of Production in the Theory of Economic
Organization," Kyklos 52(2): 201-218 (1999).
- David J. Teece, Gary Pisano, and Amy Shuen, "Dynamic
Capabilities and Strategic Management," Strategic Management
Journal 18(7): 509-533 (August 1997).
- Richard R. Nelson and Sidney G. Winter, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge: the Belknap Press, 1982, chapters 4 and 5.
- Edith Penrose, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1959. (Oxford edition, 1995.)
- G. B. Richardson, "The
Organisation of Industry," Economic Journal 82(327):
883-896 (1972).
- David J. Teece, "Economies
of Scope and the Scope of the Enterprise," Journal of Economic
Behavior and Organization 1(3): 223 (1980).
- David J. Teece, "Profiting
from Technological Innovation: Implications for Integration,
Collaboration, Licensing, and Public Policy," Research Policy
15: 285-305 (December 1986).
- C. K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel, "The Core Competence of the
Corporation," Harvard Business Review, May-June 1990, pp.
7991.
The structure of
production.
- Adam
Smith, The Wealth of Nations. Oxford: Clarendon Press, Glasgow edition, 1976, Book I, Chapters I-III.
- George Stigler, "The
Division of Labor Is Limited by the Extent of the Market,"
Journal of Political Economy 59(3): 185-193 (1951).
- Axel Leijonhufvud, "Capitalism and the
Factory System," in R. N. Langlois, ed., Economic as a
Process: Essays in the New Institutional Economics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
- Edward Ames and Nathan Rosenberg, "The
Progressive Division and Specialization of Industries," The
Journal of Development Studies 1(4): 363-383 (1965).
- Arthur L. Stinchcombe, Information and Organizations. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990, chapter 2.
- Richard N. Langlois, "Cognitive
Comparative Advantage and the Organization of Work," Journal
of Economic Psychology 24: 187-207 (2003).
Modular systems.
- Richard N. Langlois, "Modularity
in Technology and Organization," Journal of Economic Behavior
and Organization 49: 19-37 (2002).
- Rebecca M. Henderson and Kim B. Clark, "Architectural
Innovation: the Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the
Failure of Established Firms," Administrative Science
Quarterly 35: 9 (March 1990).
- Richard N. Langlois and Paul L. Robertson, "Networks and Innovation
in a Modular System: Lessons from the Microcomputer and Stereo Component
Industries," Research Policy 21(4): 297-313 (1992).
(Langlois and
Robertson, chapter 5.)
- Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark, "Managing in an Age of
Modularity," Harvard Business Review,
Sept.-Oct: (1997), pp. 84-93.
- Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark, "Where
Do Transactions Come from?" Working Paper, Harvard Business School, September 2002.
Organization and
economic change.
- Armen Alchian, "Uncertainty,
Evolution, and Economic Theory," Journal of Political Economy 58(3):
211-221 (1950).
- Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism,
Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1942, pp. 63-106.
- Paul L Robertson and Lee J. Alston, "Technological
Choice and the Organization of Work in Capitalist Firms," Economic History Review 45(2): 330-49 (May 1992).
- Richard N. Langlois and Paul L. Robertson, Firms, Markets, and
Economic Change: A Dynamic Theory of Business Institutions. London: Routledge, 1995, chapters 2, 3, and 4.
- Morris Silver, Enterprise
and the Scope of the Firm. London: Martin Robertson, 1984, pp. 11-67.
The old economy
and the new economy.
- Alfred D. Chandler, "Organizational
Capabilities and the Economic History of the Industrial Enterprise,"
Journal of Economic Perspectives 6(3): 79-100 (1992).
- Langlois and Robertson, Firms, Markets,
and Economic Change: A Dynamic Theory of Business Institutions, chapters
6, 7, and 8.
- Allyn A. Young, "Increasing
Returns and Economic Progress," The Economic Journal
38 (Dec. 1928), pp. 527-542..
- Richard N. Langlois, "The
Vanishing
Hand: The Changing Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism," Industrial
and Corporate Change, 12(2):
351-385 (April 2003).
- Richard N. Langlois, "Chandler in a Larger Frame: Markets,
Transaction Costs, and Organizational Form in History," Enterprise and Society, forthcoming.

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